The reason for this kind of plural formation is that the primitive plural ending -î (still present in Quenya as -i) affected the vowels in the word by making them higher and fronter. Almost all Sindarin words form their plurals like English man/men and goose/geese - by changing the vowels in the word. The Sindarin term for this is prestanneth (disturbance, affection). Sindarin plurals are characterised by i-affection, or umlaut. Īrchaic Sindarin also had a spirant m or nasal v (IPA: ), which was transcribed as mh (though always pronounced in later Sindarin). This vowel later came to be pronounced ɛ and is therefore transcribed as such. In archaic Sindarin, there was a vowel similar to German ö (IPA: ), which Tolkien mostly transcribed as œ (usually not as oe as is often found in publications like the Silmarillion, cf. If one does care, it is similar to pronouncing a or o respectively in the same syllable as one pronounces an e (as in p et). There are also diphthongs ae and oe with no English counterparts Tolkien recommended to substitute ai and oi respectively if one does not care about details. If the last diphthong finishes a word, it is spelt aw. However, for practical reasons, users of the ISO Latin-1 character set often substitute ý for ŷ.ĭiphthongs are ai (pronounced like aisle), ei (d ay), ui (t oo young), oi (b oy), and au (c ow). In a monosyllabic word, a circumflex is used (â, ê, etc). Only occurs as a long vowel in old Mithrim dialect.Īn accent signifies a long vowel (á, é, etc). Represents when initial, everywhere else. Represents when final or before n, everywhere else. ![]() It has most of the same sounds and similar phonotactics. Sindarin was designed to have a Welsh-like phonology. Sindarin is mainly analytic, though traits of its highly inflected progenitor can still be seen. The written script alphabet of the Elven languages is typically Tengwar, although Cirth can also be used. The language was also probably influenced to an extent by the Germanic languages, as Tolkien was a scholar of both Old English and Old Norse. Tolkien based the sound and some of the grammar of his Noldorin/Sindarin on Welsh, and Sindarin displays of the consonant mutations that characterise the Celtic (especially Brythonic) languages. When Noldorin became Sindarin, it also adopted some features of the originally unrelated language Ilkorin. For this reason it is called Noldorin in the older material, such as the Etymologies. However, Tolkien later decided that it was the language of the Sindar. Tolkien originally imagined that the language which would become Sindarin was spoken by the Ñoldor (second clan of Elves). Sindarin is the language referred to as the Elven-tongue in The Lord of the Rings. Knowledge of it was kept in the Númenórean realm in exile Gondor, especially amongst the learned. ![]() ![]() Before the downfall, most of the Men of Númenor also spoke the language. When the Ñoldor came back to Middle-earth, they adopted the Sindarin language, although they believed their native Quenya more beautiful. It was derived from an earlier language called Common Telerin. It was the language of the Sindar, those Teleri which had been left behind on the Great Journey of the Elves. In Tolkien's mythos, it was the Elvish language most commonly spoken in Middle-earth in the Third Age. Sindarin is an artificial language (or conlang) developed by J.
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